If you write out all modes of the primary heptatonic scale, you will note the following. For example, the major scale uses the following intervals between adjacent notes: 1, 1, ½, 1, 1, 1, ½. Such scales use only intervals of one semitone or two semitones between adjacent notes (two one-semitone intervals and five two-semitone intervals for a total of twelve semitones) and have the one-semitone intervals most evenly spaced.
The major scale and the natural minor scale are two examples of these scales. The most commonly used scales based on the chromatic scales are the modes of the primary heptatonic scale (also known as "diatonic scale"). The interval is called "major" as theorists noted that this interval was larger than the other commonly occurring interval – the minor second (one semitone). Hence, this scale starts with a major second. For example, the C major scale starts with C and its second note is D. This interval is called "second", if it is occurring between the first note of a scale and the second note of the scale. For example, the interval of two semitones (such as between C and D) is sometimes called a major second. Since the chromatic scale and scales that use the notes of the chromatic scales are common, during the historical development of music theory based on these scales various names have appeared to describe the intervals between notes on these scales. The scales that arise from them are the most commonly used scales in Western music. The twelve notes on this scale are the familiar C, C#/Db, D, D#/Eb, E, F, F#/Gb, G, G#/Ab, A, A#/Bb, B. The chromatic scale splits an octave in 12 semitones.
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